1992 — Year, Measles, especially young children — 3-11
–11 Hinman, et al. “Acute Measles Mortality in the United States, 1987-2002.” 2004.[1]
— 5 NCHS[2] multiple-cause mortality database; in Hinman, et al. “Acute Measles…” JID, 2004.
— 3 CDC. “Measles – United States, 1992,” MMWR, Vol. 42, No. 19, 5-21-1993, pp. 378-381.
–1 AK
–2 TX
— 3 NIP[3] surveillance database; in Hinman, et al. “Acute Measles…” JID, 2004.
Narrative Information
CDC: “As of January 2, 1993 (week 53), local and state health departments reported a provisional total of 2200 * measles cases for 1992 (1) — a 77% decrease from the 9643 cases reported for 1991 (2), and a 92% decrease from the 27,786 cases reported for 1990 (3). Cases were reported from 36 states and the District of Columbia. This provisional total is one of the lowest annual totals reported in the United States; fewer cases were reported only in 1982 (1714 cases) and 1983 (1497 cases) (4). This report summarizes epidemiologic characteristics of measles cases reported for 1992 and compares them with cases reported during 1989-1991.
“From 1989 through 1992, the median age of persons reported with measles declined steadily (12.0 years in 1989, 5.7 years in 1990, 5.2 years in 1991, and 4.9 years in 1992), while the proportion of cases among infants increased. Of measles cases in 1992, 22.2% occurred among children less than 12 months of age, an increase from 19.2% in 1991 and 17.0% in 1990; 27.9% of reported cases were among children aged 1-4 years, compared with 30.1% for 1991. Persons aged greater than or equal to 5 years accounted for 49.7% of reported cases, compared with 50.6% in 1991. A provisional total of three measles-associated deaths was reported in 1992 for Texas (two) and Alaska (one).
“Texas and Kentucky reported the largest outbreaks (990 and 443 cases, respectively) during 1992. The outbreak in Texas continued the pattern of outbreaks reported during 1989-1991 affecting predominantly unvaccinated preschool-aged children (2,3 ). Seventy-one percent of cases in this outbreak were reported from Nueces and Hidalgo counties; the other cases were reported from 22 (9%) of 254 counties in the state. Most (75%) cases were among children aged less than 5 years; 35% of cases were among children less than 12 months of age. In comparison, in Kentucky, measles transmission occurred predominantly among children aged 5-19 years (218 cases {49%}). Fifty-one percent of cases from the Kentucky outbreak were reported from Jefferson County (Louisville); the remaining cases were reported from 34 (28%) of 120 counties in the state.
“Reported by: State and local health depts. Div of Immunization, National Center for Prevention Svcs, CDC.” (CDC. “Measles – United States, 1992,” MMWR), 42/19, 5-21-1993, pp. 378-381.)
Sources
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Measles – United States, 1992,” MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report), Vol. 42, No. 19, 5-21-1993, pp. 378-381. Accessed 5-3-2016 at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020688.htm
Hinman, Alan R., et al. “Acute Measles Mortality in the United States, 1987-2002.” Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 189 (Supplement 1), 2004, pp. S69-S77. Accessed 5-2-2016 at: http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/189/Supplement_1/S69.long
[1] From Figure 3. “Acute measles deaths, by reporting source, United States, 1987-2001. Data are derived from the National Center for Health Statistics underlying-cause mortality database. The Hinman, et al. figure is the result of applying a “capture-recapture methodology,” which they argue is necessary giving inefficiencies and underreporting in the CDC NIP and NCHS data collection regimes. See Hinman for discussion of this methodology and references.
[2] National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD.
[3] National Immunization Program, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. See Hinman on differences between NIP and NCHS.